The World Intellectual Property Indicators 2023 report was recently published by WIPO's IP Statistics Data Center. The online report, which can also be accessed from WIPO's IP Resources menu, is of significance as it comprehensively analyzes global intellectual property activities.
Based on statistics related to applications, registrations, and rights in force from national and regional intellectual property offices for the year 2022, the report encompasses a broad range of data and statistics on patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, data concerning the protection of plant varieties, and geographical indications. It is explained through tables and graphs. The report also utilizes survey data and industry sources to provide a picture of activities in the creative economy.
I would like to convey the most striking data from the 205-page report and offer a brief reflection on what the report signifies for Turkey.
Key Figures
The "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2023" report provides a comprehensive analysis of the top three countries operating in five main areas: patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, and plant varieties for the year 2022, offering an overview of global intellectual property activities.
China holds the lead in all categories, notably accounting for 46.8% of the global total in patent applications, showing significant growth compared to the previous year. According to the report, China also leads in utility model applications with an overwhelming majority of 98%, followed by Germany and Russia, which have experienced a decline in growth rates.
The report, while detailing trademark application activities, points to a method used by WIPO since 2004, which emphasizes calculating data based on the number of classes. China also ranks first in trademark applications, representing 48.3% of worldwide applications despite a decrease in growth rate, followed by the USA and India, which has seen an increase in growth rate. In the industrial designs category, Turkey, with a growth rate of 27.6%, ranks third after China and the EUIPO. In the section on the protection of plant varieties, China stands out, holding 47.8% of global applications and increasing its growth rate by 16.4%, while the United Kingdom, with a remarkable growth rate increase of 316.1%, indicates the growing importance of new plant species in future pharmaceutical R&D efforts.
Patents
Worldwide patent applications, according to data from 162 patent offices, continue to show an upward trend compared to the previous year. Asia holds the highest percentage with 82.7%, followed by Europe at 54.7% and North America at 40.6%. Among the top 20 patent offices, countries like China, the USA, and Japan stand out with significant increases in total application numbers and patent granting rates. Particularly in 2022, offices in Asia received about 68% of worldwide patent applications, while US applicants filed over a quarter million patent applications abroad. South Korea stands out as the country with the highest number of patent applications per GDP and per capita.
In the field of patent applications and technological innovation, countries like Turkey, Vietnam, and Iran lead among low and middle-income countries, with computer technologies being the most applied-for field in technology. China records a double-digit growth for the third consecutive year with a 14.7% increase in patent granting rate, and also holds the most patents in force worldwide. Moreover, the percentage of female inventors in PCT applications did not exceed 17.1% in 2022, and patent applications related to energy have been on the rise since 2018, reaching the highest level in the energy sector in 2021.
Trademarks
In 2022, approximately 11.8 million trademark applications were filed worldwide, representing a 15.7% decrease compared to the previous year. This decline was also recorded as 14.5% on a class count basis. Among the offices receiving the most trademark applications, China ranked first with 7.5 million class counts, followed by the USA with 767,375. Among the top 20 offices, 11 were from high-income, 6 from upper-middle-income (Brazil, China, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey), and 3 from lower-middle-income countries (India, Iran, and Vietnam). In most offices, the majority of applications were made by residents, while in the EUIPO and some other countries, applications by non-residents constituted a significant proportion.
In 2022, around 9.3 million trademark registrations were made worldwide, indicating a decrease of 1.7 million compared to the previous year. Countries contributing most to the decrease in registration numbers included France, Germany, India, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the USA. The number of active trademark registrations showed a 9.4% increase. Among the countries with the highest number of application classes, Germany was the country with the most applications abroad, while Turkey stood out with 5,234 application classes per 1 million people. A significant portion of applications from Turkey was local, but the proportion seeking protection abroad remained low, pointing to high costs and a lack of awareness.
Designs
In 2022, design applications experienced a decline for the first time, decreasing by 2.1%. China with 798,112, the EUIPO with 109,132, and Turkey with 84,111 design counts ranked in the top three positions. Only six offices showed an increase compared to the previous year, with Turkey (27.6%), Morocco (11.3%), and Italy (10.9%) achieving double-digit growth rates. The four most applied-for industries worldwide were furniture and household items (17.2%), textiles and accessories (15.6%), tools and machines (12.4%), and electrical and lighting (9.1%), which together accounted for 54.3% of total applications.
In 2022, the number of designs registered worldwide decreased by 2.6% compared to the previous year, amounting to 1.3 million, while the number of active design registrations was recorded at approximately 5.8 million. The EUIPO showed the highest success rate in registration rates at 97%, followed by the UK (94.8%), China (90.6%), Turkey (89%), and Korea (85.7%). Conversely, in countries such as Thailand (31.5%), Mexico (24.4%), and the USA (18.1%), a large portion of the applications processed were withdrawn or canceled.
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